Evaluation of Phosphine Resistance in Three Sitophilus Species of Different Geographical Origins Using Two Diagnostic Protocols

Phosphine resistance occurs in many areas worldwide. The present study evaluated Sitophilus species from different geographical origins using two protocols: (i) the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) protocol (30 ppm for 20 h) (ii) dose–response (50–1000 3 d). According to our results, most of populations tested were susceptible phosphine. In FAO protocol, 13 field out 35 categorized as resistant From tested, only oryzae (L.) G1 showed 100% active individuals after h or even 7 d post-exposure. contrast, low survival was noted all granarius no zeamais Motschulsky. Based on recorded exposure 700 any tested. For instance, population 89% at 50 ppm, while respective figure 1.1.%. No concentrations S. zeamais. Our data show that there are considerable similarities between diagnostic protocols used evaluation phosphine these three species.